
I showed up for jury duty today. I recieved my summons to appear at the
Downtown Phoenix City Courthouse a few months ago. The last time I was called was in 2005 in which I would have served in the West Mesa Justice Court.
In 2005, the court date was on a Friday but the parties involved agreed to post pone the trial until the following Monday so I, and the others called to serve, were sent home early.
This time was another matter. Like the West Mesa Court, the Phoenix Court handled criminal Misdemeanor cases such those involving prostitution, D.U.I. and shoplifting. I was part of the group of jurors called to serve on a jury to judge a DUI case.
It was very interesting to say the least.
I and about 17 other jurors were seated in a courtroom and went through the
Voir Dire process. I was juror number 6 and after the judge took his seat, he introduced himself, the city prosecutor, the defendant and his attorney. After the introductions we were asked a series of questions by the judge related to what criminal law is, D.U.I., etc.
During questioning when asked by the judge if any of us had moral issues related to the case, existence or enforcement of D.U.I. laws. I raised my hand.
When questioned individually about my answer, I elaborated by saying that the purpose of law is to protect individual rights. In other words the protection of a person's right to life, liberty and property.
In terms of D.U.I. laws, I pointed out that if a defendant is driving under the influence of a substance, such as alcohol, but has done no harm to anyone, then, rather than be prosecuted, he or she should (if stopped by a police officer) pulled over and picked up by a family member or friend to be brought home.
In the case of a person who has done damage to someone's property, then the subject who committed the act should be required to give restitution.
I neglected to point out, but do feel, that if someone under the influence of alcohol or drugs violates a person's life with bodily harm or death during the course of an activity, such as operating a motor vehicle, then the person who committed the act with murder or assault should be charged and prosecuted depending on the level of harm done to the damaged party.
I explained to the court that I understood the reasons for the law's existence but disagreed with their premise since, based on my research, D.U.I. laws are geared more towards controlling human behavior, are
another form of prohibition and are not being used for the prevention of potential harm, crimes or early intervention.
Based on my conclusions, I said, I would have ethical issues with regards to cases that involving D.U.I. for such reasons.
I was thanked by the judge for my
forthrightness and, after quickly consulting the defense attorney and city prosecutor, was excused.
When the city employees who recieved jurors in the morning explained to us the jurisdiction of the city court, I hoped that I would serve on a jury for a shoplifting case and not one for D.U.I. or prostitution.
I knew that if assigned to a jury for prostitution or D.U.I. that the possibility of being excused was likely. I also have no doubt that I will either never be called for jury duty again or won't for quite sometime.
I also do not condone actions by anyone, such as the accused in question, who drives under the influence of mind-altering substances. I believe during the judge's explanation to jurors of the D.U.I. case myself and other jurors were assigned to, the defendant had been caught driving while intoxicated before.
If a defendant is a repeat offender and has not committed bodily harm to anyone either time, he should be condemned morally, but not legally.
This incident, however, does not diminish my view about government's existence, the jury system and courts of law.
Far from it.
In terms of juries, for as many bad verdicts handed down by them, I can point to
numerous instances where juries acquitted
defendants whose rights were violated,
accused of crimes they did not committ or where the jury
refused to convict a defendant.
Despite today's experience, my excusal from jury service for my views is indicative of a culture (in this case legal) not ready to embrace the very ideas I espouse and the libertarian vision I subscribe to.
Last September, author Michael Giuliano made some
interesting observations in an article published in
The Freeman.
In his article, Giuliano gives a damning account of the influence of utilitarianism in the legal system and what happens when a legal culture prefers consequentialism over natural law and rights stating:
Within the English and American legal and constitutional tradition, there are assumed to exist personal liberties that either preexist or supersede government power. The “greatest happiness of the greatest number” rule is, in contrast, a principle declaring that the ends justify the means. This elevates a consequentialism that invents responsibility for attenuated effects and thus removes all limitation on the scope of law’s coercive reach. The trek toward greater utilitarianism was in avowed opposition to the natural rights that, in the words of legal scholar Edward Corwin, once “morally exonerated the humblest citizen in defiance of the highest authority.”The moral bankruptcy the results from embracing utilitarianism leads to results like what is seen today. A pragmatic approach to law where law is lead to manipulation and control rather than preserving and enhancing liberty.
Giuliano goes on to point out:
The law’s traditional requirement of "mens rea", or an evil mind, was the legal foundation of an act’s criminality. The corollary to this is the necessity of an overt act, or "actus reus", comprising the evil deed. The criminal-lawmaking mindset today legislates toward an external standard that judges results and not internal malice. The concept of negligence and the motivations underlying its use in tort law have bled into the criminal law. Freedom is greatly diminished when individually blameless, private, and nonmalicious conduct is so routinely punished rather than subjected to civil remedies.The problems seen in America's legal system today is the result of cultural influences that have lead to the moral bankruptcy seen in government now-a-days. I think it is incumbent upon libertarians to turn back the tide through continuous education of the populace in public institutions and at large.
Embracing ideas, like Michael Giuliano suggests, is a good place to start.